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PENTAGON-3D Overview กก  1. General Features   2. Detailed Features  3. Application History  4. Modeling Tips PENTAGON-3D is the integrated 3-dimensional FEM program to model simply the complicated 3D model. PENTAGON-3D has the feature of considering the staged construction in any form and in any sequence. You can arrange your ideas in modeling. 1. General Features PENTAGON-3D is a finite element analysis program for 3D continuum problems including tunnels, earth retaining structures, structural mechanics and seepage flow etc. It has various elements such as solid (4, 6, 8, 16, 20-nodes), interface, shell (3, 4-nodes), frame (2-nodes), truss (2-nodes) and spring (2-nodes) elements. It can model about 3,000 to 8,000 8-node solid elements in 64 Mbyte RAM and more according to the RAM size. Practical models can be run within 128 MBytes. Because PENTAGON-3D is developed with the double precision real numbers, the large memory is indispensible for the accuracy during many iterative processing. However, this feature enables the user to mix the quite different materials over 10 million times the stiffness and permeability. Some single precision programs cannot solve the composite material even when a material has the stiffness100 times that of the other. Model size can be enlarged with RAM size. Models: linear-elastic, Mohr-Coulomb, Hoek-Brown, general anisotropic, orthotropic, transversely isotropic and hyperbolic (loading-unloading-reloading) are available to model soil, rock and other construction materials. Available load conditions are point load, surface pressure, body force, prestress, and distributed residual force. Any type of element can be added, removed and changed of its material at any construction stage and seepage stage. Seepage analysis is available as the excavation and embankment stages process. Darcy flow is available for the confined/unconfined flow and the saturated/unsaturated flow. Boundary conditions such as head difference, pumping, evaporation and precipitation are available. Boundary conditions can be modified at any stage. The hydraulic gradient can be coupled with the mechanics as a form of seepage force. The pre-processors, PENTMESH is used to create the models such as advancing tunnels, crossing tunnels, earth retaining structures and embankments etc. The preprocessor produces the finite element geometry and the whole input data including the construction stages such as element addition/removal, boundary conditions, load, and so on. The post-processor, PENPOST, displays the color graphical results in 3D that can be translated, rotated, zoomed and shaded in GUI environment. Mirror display and history tables are also available. Hardware environment : Pentium 200 MHz, 128 MB main memory and 3GB HDD free capacity or above recommended. OS : Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT 4.0 or Windows NT 5.0 Figure. Subway tunnel and station shaft intersection. The diameter of shaft is almost 45m and the width of subway tunnel is about 22m. To reduce the construction stages, the load distribution method is utilized. The above result represents the horizontal displacement. In this model, the longitudinal behavior of the tunnel due to shaft excavation is investigated. Main Applications Geotechnical Tunnel Analysis including intersection problems Excavation (Walls with anchors and struts) Embankment Analysis (Settlement and stability) Seepage Analysis (Saturated and unsaturated flow) Coupling Analysis (Seepage force applied to mechanical model) Most severely complicated solid-modeling works can be finished just within 5 days with a tunnel intersection problem including dozens of construction stages. Structural 3D Structural Analysis for Truss, Frame, and Shell structures under static and dynamic loads Geometric nonlinearity for Truss and Frame Structures  Temperature loads Concrete Lining Analysis with Beam-Spring and Shell-Spring structures (Reaction springs may have compressive and tensile strengths, and water pressures and rock load are applied to the lining elements simply) Dynamic analysis for the moving loads by  simple input of moving velocity and/or (roughness + vehicle model) 2. Detailed Features 3. Application History Project Owner (Contractor) Structure Period Seoul-Pusan High-speed Railway Korea High-speed Railway (Daehan Consultants) Taegu Station 96.5-97.5 Seoul-Pusan High-speed Railway Korea High-speed Railway (Sunjin Eng) Taejon Station 96.5-97.5 Seoul-Pusan High-speed Railway Korea High-speed Railway (Yooshin Corporation) Intersection with Pusan Subway #1 Line 97.6 Taegu - Pohang Highway Korea Highway (Yongma Eng) Tunnel at Lot #7 98.3 Stability of Uiwang Tunnel Seoul Local Railway (Samho Corporation) Concrete Lining 97.6 Seoul Subway #6 Seoul Subway (Chungsuk Eng) Station Tunnel-Shaft Connection 98.4 Taegu Pohang Highway Korea Highway (KECC) DukYon-Sari Tunnel Lot# 5 97.12 Tunnel beneath Old Apartment (Dungchon-dong) Daedong Housing (Pyonwha Eng) Underground beneath Hongik Apartment 98.3 Sabuk-Gohan Tunnel Kangwon Land Development (Pyongwha Eng) Tunnel Intersection 96.11 Shingal-Ahnsan Highway Korea Highway (KECC) Tunnel Intersection 97 Ildong-Yongjung Motorway Seoul Land Development (KECC) Tunnel Intersection 98.4 Seoul National University Hospital (Pundang) Woo-Il Architect Retaining wall 98.6 Stability of Chonam Tunnel Korea Railway Eng (Hanyang Univ) Intersection with Old Mining Site 97.12 Stability of Mongdong Station (Seoul) Yonhap Corporation (Hanyang Univ) Subway station 97.9 Stability Analysis of Highway Tunnel Korea Highway Corporation (Korea Univ)   97.10 Pusan New Harbor Improvement of Weak Ground Pusan New Harbor (Korea Univ) 1st Stage Development 98.8 Bypass Road in Chonju City Iri Land Development (B&G Consultants) Goduk Tunnel Gwang-gok Tunnel 97.11 Waste Water Treatment Plant at Pang-O-Jin Ulsan City (B&G Consultants) irrigation Tunnel 97.12 LNG gas pipe tunnel Korea Gas Corporation   98.8 < Last Update of this page : 2003. 3. 26 >